acronyms

ACRONYMS / TERMINOLOGY

ICT4D = Information and Communications Technology for Development

HF = High Frequency radio, between 3 and 30 MHz. Also known as the decameter band or decameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten decameters (ten to one hundred metres)

Since the ionosphere often reflects HF radio waves quite well (a phenomenon known as skywave propagation), this range is extensively used for medium and long range radio communication. However, suitability of this portion of the spectrum for such communication varies greatly with a complex combination of factors

The high frequency band is very popular with amateur radio operators, who can take advantage of direct, long-distance (often inter-continental) communications and the "thrill factor" resulting from making contacts in variable conditions. International shortwave broadcasting utilizes this set of frequencies, as well as a seemingly declining number of "utility" users (marine, aviation, military, and diplomatic interests), who have, in recent years, been swayed over to less volatile means of communication (for example, via satellites), but may maintain HF stations after switch-over for back-up purposes

HF / SSB radio = Single Sideband radio see http://www.geocities.com/yosemite/forest/2727/flicka_ssb.html http://www.ybw.com/ybw/vhf/what_is_hf.html (outlines several benefits of HF / SSB radio)

http://www.ompt.org/
 * ONE MEDIA PLAYER PER TEACHER WEBSITE**

PMP = Portable Media Player PODCAST = "Personal On Demand broadCASTING" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcast) Canister = MPA = Mini Public Address System Boomer =


 * PEOPLES FIRST NETWORK**

BHC = CEMA = [|???] Civic Education Marketing Authority CRPF = Community Peace and Restoration Fund DFL DLC = Distance Learning Centre DLCP = Distance Learning Centres Project "first mile" = IPDP = Indigenous People Development Plan MAL = Ministry of Agriculture and the Lands MEHRD = Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development MOU = Memorandum of Agreement NDMO = National Disaster Management Office PFNet = People First Network PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network RDVA = Rural Development Volunteers Association RISC = Rural Internet Connectivity System SFCE = Strategic Framework for Engagement in Civic Education SIBC = Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation SIDAPP = //Solomon Islands Development Administration and Participatory Planning// SIL International= the official name of what was originally the **Summer Institute of Linguistics**, a global Christian non-profit organization that studies lesser-known languages SPC = Secretariat of the Pacific Community TEK = Time Equals Knowledge (an email based web browser) UNDP = United Nations Development Programme UPNG = University of Papua New Guinea USP = University of South Pacific VSAT = Very Small Aperture Terminal (dish < 3m) Wi-Fi = wireless network Wi-Max = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

MDG = Millenium Development Goals GSM = Global System for Mobile Communications
 * IAN THOMSON SLIDES**

(an initiative to assemble/develop the cheapest, easiest to setup, easiest to manage, scalable, Open Source, standards-based, wireless local do-it-yourself telephone company toolkit in the world)
 * VILLAGE TELCO** http://www.villagetelco.org/

asterisk = Asterisk is a software implementation of a telephone private branch exchange (PBX) originally created in 1999 by Mark Spencer of Digium. Like any PBX, it allows attached telephones to make calls to one another, and to connect to other telephone services including the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services. Its name comes from the asterisk symbol, "*".

DSP = Digital Signal Processing (http://www.dsptutor.freeuk.com/intro.htm) ATA = Analog Telephony Adapter AP = (Wireless) Access Point Mesh Potato is the name of a piece of wireless telephony hardware and software that doesn’t exist yet. It is a marriage of a low-cost wireless access point (AP) capable of running a mesh networking protocol and an Analog Telephony Adapter or ATA. The name Mesh Potato came from combining Mesh with POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) and ATA

OpenWrt = WRT = Wireless Router

IP PBX = An IP (Internet Protocol) PBX (Private branch exchange) is a business telephone system designed to deliver voice over a data network and interoperate with the normal Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

With a conventional PBX, separate networks are necessary for voice and data communications. One of the main advantages of an IP PBX is the fact that it employs converged data and voice networks. This means that Internet access, as well as VoIP communications and traditional telephone communications, are all possible using a single line to each user. This provides flexibility as an enterprise grows, and can also reduce long-term operation and maintenance costs. Like a traditional PBX, an IP PBX is owned by the enterprise.

VOIP = Voice Over Internet Protocol SIP = Session Initiation Protocol (a signalling protocol, widely used for setting up and tearing down multimedia communication sessions such as voice and video calls over the Internet)

ubiquity nanostation =


 * UNIVERSAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY**

cybercafe = private DNS = domain name system DTN = delay tolerant networks enum = enumerating telephone numbers using DNS (?) FOSS = Free and Open Source Software FCAR = Flash Card Audio Recorders genset = An **engine-generator** is the combination of an [|electrical generator] and an [|engine] (prime mover) mounted together to form a single piece of equipment. This combination is also called an //engine-generator set// or a //gen-set//. In many contexts, the engine is taken for granted and the combined unit is simply called a //generator//. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine-generator) ICT Kiosk = INGO = International NGO NRN = Non Resident Nepalese OBCSS = One Battery Charging Station per School OCPPLW = one card pod player per literacy worker OFCARPLW = One FCAR per literacy worker OLPS = One Laptop per School OLPT = One Laptop per Teacher OLPC = One Laptop per Child OPLSC = One Portable Loud Speaker per Class RFP = Request For Proposal S1 = a chipset for mp3 players SLAB = Sealed Lead Acid Battery SMS = Short Message Service Telecentre = public UICT = Universal Information and Communications Technology VDC = village development committee VVM = village voice mail yagi = directional antenna

RAPS = Remote Area Power Supply Watt = one joule of energy per second
 * ENERGY**

A human climbing a flight of stairs is doing work at a rate of about 200 watts. A typical automobile engine produces mechanical energy at a rate of 25,000 watts (approximately 33.5 horsepower) while cruising. A typical household incandescent light bulb uses electrical energy at a rate of 25 to 100 watts, while compact fluorescent lights typically consume 5 to 30 watts.

One watt is the rate at which work is done when an object is moving at one meter per second against a force of one newton.

By the definition of the units of ampere and volt, work is done at a rate of one watt when one ampere flows through a potential difference of one volt.

Power and energy are frequently confused in the general media. Power is the rate at which energy is used (or generated)